2023 was a pivotal year for sustainable aviation fuels. The European Union agreed on ReFuelEU Aviation, an obligation that ensures a progressively increasing supply of sustainable aviation fuels to each European Union airport. A specific submandate aims at upscaling power-to-liquid fuels, while biofuels from food and feed crops are excluded. It is almost certain that the initial quota will be met by HEFA fuels or co-processing of similar feedstock. However, growing obligations provide strong incentives to develop advanced biofuels, synthetic fuels from solar and wind energy, and in the long run potentially also liquid hydrogen.
